1. Vim Commands

  • First install Vim.

  • To install the packages, first install ‘vundle’ using following command. Use ‘git-shell’ to run this command in Windows.

    git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

(in Windows : use 'git-shell' to run below command)
git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git C:/Users/<Username>/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

  • Copy and paste the .vimrc file in the home directory.

  • In Windows, paste in the .vimrc file at C:/Users/<Username>/; and change the line “set rtp+= …” in .vimrc with correct location of “Vundle.vim” i.e. “set rtp+=C:/Users/<Username>/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim”.

  • Use double quote to comment/uncomment the packages in .vimrc file e.g. ” Plugin ‘mattn/emmet-vim’ will not install the package “emmet-vim”. Or add some more packages in .vimrc file as required.

  • After selecting the packages, open vim and run the command -> :PluginInstall and it will install the all the plugins.

  • Use :help <plugin name> to see the list of operations.

1.1. Starting Vim

Commands Descriptions
:w save file
:w <filename> save file as <filename> and keep the current file open
:sav <filename> save file as <filename> and open <filename>
:q quit (if already saved)
:q! quit without saving
:e <filename> open new/existing <filename> in new buffer
:wq save and quit
:bn go to next buffer i.e. file
:b <filename> go to buffer with <filename>
:bd close current file without exiting vim
:bd! close current file without exiting vim and ‘no modification’
:vim * open all files in the directory (all in same buffer)
:vim file1 file2 file3 open file1, file2 and file3 in vim
:n go to next file
:n <filename> go to file name
:prev go to previous file
ctrl-Z suspend vim
fg bring forground vim

1.2. Undo/Redo

Commands Descriptions
u undo
crtl-r redo

1.3. Insert

Commands Descriptions
i insert mode at cursor
I insert mode at beginning of the line (i.e. first character of line)
s delete character under the cursor and enter into insert mode
S delete the line and go to insert mode from the beginning of same line
a insert mode after the cursor
A insert mode at the end of line
o insert mode on below line
O insert mode at bottom line
C delete from cursor to end of line and go to insert mode
r replace current character
R replace characters until Esc is pressed (i.e. same as insert button in keyboard)

1.4. Copy/Paste/Delete

Commands Descriptions
y yank (copy)
yiw copy the word
yw copy the word after the cursor
yy or Y copy the line
y$ copy till end of the line from current location of cursor
“+y copy to clipboard e.g. “+yiw will copy the word in clipboard
<F3>y same as above (use <F3> for clipboard, remapped in .vimrc)
<F3>p paste from clipboard (see above line as well)
p paste after cursor (remapped as ]p in .vimrc )
]p paste with indentation
P paste before cursor
ctrl-P paste from clipboard (remapped in .vimrc)
shift insert paste from clipboard (remapped in .vimrc)
d<command> delete<command>
diw delete word (and stay at normal mode)
ciw delete word (and go to insert mode)
dw or cw delete word after the cursor
dd or cc delete line
D or C delete till end of line
x delete character (delete)
X delete character (backspace)
. repeat previous operation

1.5. Paste in search or colon commands

  • Following commands can be used at command mode during search or color commands e.g. :w ctrl r ctrl w etc.
Commands Descriptions
ctrl r “ paste the last copied data
ctrl r ctrl w paste the word under cursor
ctrl r % print the naem of current file
shift insert paste the data from clipboard

1.7. Replace

  • Use ‘c’, ‘g’, ‘gc’ and other combination to perform the desired replacement.
Commands Descriptions
:s /word1/word2 substitute word1 with word2 in current line (only first occurrence)
:s /word1/word2/c substitute word1 with word2 in current line after confirmation (only first occurrence)
:s /word1/word2/g substitute word1 with word2 in current line (all occurrence)
:s /word1/word2/gc substitute word1 with word2 in current line ater confirmation (all occurrence)
:1,4 s /word1/word2 substitute word1 with word2 in lines 1 to 4 (only first occurrence in each line)
:%s /word1/word2/g replace all occurrences
:%s /word1/word2/gc replace all occurrence after confirmation
:%s /ctrl-r ctrl-w/word2/gc replace all occurance of the word under cursor after confirmation (exact match)
:s /\<word1\>/word2 substitute exactly matched “word1” with word2 in current line

1.8. Indentation

Commands Descriptions
>> Right indent the current line
5>> Right indent 5 lines
<< De-indent line
5== Re-indent 5 lines
>% Increase indent of a braced or bracketed block (place cursor on brace first)
=% Reindent a braced or bracketed block (cursor on brace)
<% Decrease indent of a braced or bracketed block (cursor on brace)
]p Paste text, aligning indentation with surroundings
=i{ Re-indent the ‘inner block’, i.e. the contents of the block
=a{ Re-indent ‘a block’, i.e. block and containing braces
>i{ Increase inner block indent
<i{ Decrease inner block indent
Commands Descriptions
:retab convert existing tabs to spaces

1.9. Mouse settings

Commands Descriptions
:behave mswin mouse functionality will work as windows
:behave xterm mouse functionality will word as x-windows

1.10. Command/Visual Mode

Commands Descriptions
Esc or crtl-[ command mode
v visual mode
crtl-v visual block mode

1.11. Cursor movement

Note

To run the ‘ctrl-]’ and ‘ctrl-T’ command, we need to create the tags first. In the below command, the ‘tags’ will be created for all the python files in the directory, which will be stored in a file ‘tags’,

(run the following command in shell)
ctags -R *.py
Commands Descriptions
h left
j down
k up
l down
w forward to the beginning of next word
3w forward 3 words
W forward to the beginning of next word (only spaces are the end of word)
b backward to the beginning of next word
B backward to the beginning of next word (only spaces are the end of word)
e forward to end of next word
E forward to end of next word (only spaces are the end of the word)
gg go to first line of page
G go to end line of page
10G go to 10th line
10gg go to 10th line
0 go to first character of line
$ go to end character of line
^ go to first non-black character of line
M go to middle of the screen
fa go to next a in current line
Fa go to previous a in current line
ta go to end of next a in current line
Ta to to end of previous a in current line
ctrl-o go to previous location e.g. we went to line 10 from line 18, ctrl-o will go to line 18 again
ctrl-i or Tab go to next location i.e. go to line 10 again from line 18.
gd go to the local declaration of the word under cursor
gD go to the global declaration of the word under cursor
g* search for the word under the cursor
g# same as g* but in backward direction.
gf go to the filename under the cursor, use ctrl-o to go back
ctrl-] go to tag definition (a tag can be a function or variable name etc.); use ctrl-o to go back
ctrl-T go back to previous loation from where ctrl-] was exectued

1.12. Screen movements

Commands Descriptions
ctrl-d move half screen down
ctrl-f page down
ctrl-e move one line down
ctrl-u move half screen up
ctrl-b page up
ctrl-y move one line up
z<Enter> move current line to the top of screen (with cursor at the beginning)
zt move current line to the top with without changing the location of cursor
move current line to the center of screen (with cursor at the beginning)
zz move current line to the center of screen (without moving cursor)
z- move current line to the center of screen (with cursor at the beginning)
zb move current line to the center of screen (without moving cursor)

1.13. Unix Shell

Commands Descriptions
:shell go to unix shell
exit type exit in unix shell to come back in Vim

1.14. Registers

Commands Descriptions
“ayy copy line in register ‘a’
“ap paste content of register ‘a’
Capital letters append the new value to previously stored values
“Ayy copy line and append to previous value in register “a” Then use “a to paste the value in register ‘a’
“=3*2<Enter>p paste the result i.e. 6 at the current cursor location
:registers display the values in all the registers
:registers abc display the values of registers a, b and c

1.15. Multiple Files

Commands Descriptions
:arg grep -l ‘import’ *.py open all files in current folder which contains word ‘import’

1.16. Mark

Commands Descriptions
ma mark the line with name ‘a’ (use a-z or 0-9)
  Next go to some other line and excute following command
d’a delete till line which is marked as ‘a’
:marks show the list of marks
‘a go to mark a

1.17. Sorting

Commands Descriptions
!10G (press enter) sort (press enter) it will sort first ten lines according to name
!G (press enter) sort (press enter) it will sort all the lines according to names
!!ls go to terminal, run ls command and print the output on the file (i.e. print list of file in current directory)
!!dates go to terminal, run date command and print the output on the file

1.18. Printing the code

Commands Descriptions
:hardcopy <filename.pdf> open the printing-instructions-window
:TOhtml and then save the file Save in html format, use :colorscheme default for white background

1.19. Mapping

  • Please read the comments in .vimrc file for more commands and details
  • comment/uncomment the command using double quote as per requirement.
Commands Descriptions
:map display the key-mappings,

1.19.1. Copy/paste from clip board

Use <F3> and then normal copy/paste command from clipboard.

Copy/paste to clip board  
<F3> is remapped nnoremap <F3> “+
<ctrl-P> is remapped nnoremap <C-P> “+]p (paste with indentation)
<F3>yiw or <F3>yy etc. copy the word or line etc. in clipboard
<F3>p paste the data from clipboard

1.19.2. Disable arraow keys

Below code can be used in .vimrc file

“Key mappings : disable arrow keys
no <left> <Nop>
no <down> <Nop>
no <up> <Nop>
no <right> <Nop>
ino <down> <Nop>
ino <left> <Nop>
ino <right> <Nop>
ino <up> <Nop>

1.19.3. Code execution

“python commands
” Execute : F9 (Below code is used in .vimrc file)
:autocmd FileType python :nmap <F9> :! clear <CR> :! python % <Enter>
“C/C++ commands
“Compile : F9 (Below code is used in .vimrc file)
:autocmd FileType c,cpp :nmap <F9> :! rm -r out <CR> :! clear <CR> :! g++ % -o out <Enter>
“Run : Ctrl+F9 (Below code is used in .vimrc file)
:autocmd FileType c,cpp :nmap <C-F9> :! clear <CR> :! ./out <CR>

1.20. Buffer

Commands Descriptions
:bn go to next buffer i.e. file
:b <filename> go to buffer with <filename>
:bd close current file without exiting vim
:bd! close current file without exiting vim and ‘no modification’

1.21. Split windows

Commands Descriptions
:split split window in two part and display current file in both window
:split <filename> open <filename> in split window
:5 split <filename> open <filename> in new split window with width of 5 line
:new split window in two part with second window as blank
crtl-w j go to below split window
crtl-w k go to above split window
crtl-ww, crtl-w w go to next split window
crtl-w + increase the width of split window by one line
5 crtl-w - decrease the width of split window by 5 line
crtl-w = make all split window of equal size
crtl-w _ maximize the current split window

1.22. Auto completion

Commands Descriptions
ctrl-p,ctrl-n auto complete by looking previous/next words (use ctrl-p or ctrl-n to change the words from list)

1.23. Text files

Commands Descriptions
:set textwidth=50 change the line after 50 character
:1,5 center 50 textwidth = 50 and center the lines 1 to 5
:1,5 right 50 textwidth = 50 and right justify the text on lines 1 to 5
:1,5 left 4 left margin = 4 for lines 1 to 5
Use $ for end of the line as shown below,  
:1,$ center 50 textwidth=50 and cneter all the line
or use % sign for the file (results is same as above,  
:% center 50  
:set wrap turn the wrap words on
:set nowrap turn off the wrap words

1.24. Macros

Commands Descriptions
qa start recording and store in reg ‘a’. Then perform certain operations. press ‘q’ again to stop recording.
@a execute macro
3@a repeat macro 3 times

1.25. More commands

Commands Descriptions
ctrl + g name of current file
ctrl + u move half screen up
ctrl + d move half screen down
J join line below with current line
3J join below two line with this line (not 3)
z= spell suggestion
~ change case of letter
:digraphs to see the list of symbols e.g. copyright etc.

1.26. Block Visual Mode

Add same items in the beginning/end/middle of all the lines

Commands Descriptions
crtl-v select the block with cursor movement
press I (insert before) or A (insert after) or c (replace) type the text -> press Esc -> block will be replaces by text

1.27. Zoom Screen

Commands Descriptions
Zoom in crtl-+
Zoom out ctrl–

1.28. Save session

Commands Descriptions
:mksession name.vim save session
:mksession! name.vim override session
:source name.vim load session

1.29. Folding

Use space (remapped in .vimrc) at the line below the function definition for folding/unfolding the code.

1.30. Plugins

First install ‘vundle’ using following command. Use ‘git-shell’ to run this command in Windows.

  • git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
  • After that copy and paste the .vimrc file in the home directory (in Windows paste in the director C:/Users/<Username>/)
  • Use double quote to comment/uncomment” the packages in .vimrc file e.g. ” Plugin ‘mattn/emmet-vim’ will not install the package “emmet-vim”. Or add some more packages in .vimrc file as required.
  • After selecting the packages, open vim and run the command -> :PluginInstall and it will install the all the plugins.
  • Use :help <plugin name> to see the list of operations.

1.30.1. NERDTree

Commands Descriptions
NERDTree turn on the directory structure
NERDTree! disable the directory structure
m then use various operations for delete, and create files.
e.g  
m-a meher create a file with name meher
m-a meher/ create a folder with name meher

1.30.2. Surround

Commands Descriptions Results
ysiw” add “” to the word Meher -> “Meher”
ds” delete surround quotes “Meher” -> Meher
cs[( or cs]) change surround [] by () [2+3]/2 -> (2+3)/2
cst<h1> change <p> tag to <h1> <p>Meher Krishna</p> -> <h1>Meher Krishna</h1>

1.30.3. NerdCommenter

  • By default <leader> is backslash key (\).
  • In the current .vimrc file, the <leader> is remapped with ‘g’.
Commands Descriptions
<leader>cc comment line
3<leader>cc comment 3 lines
3<leader>cu uncomment 3 lines
3<leader>c<space> toggle comment in 3 lines (if first line is comment, then uncomment below lines as well)
3<leader>ci toggle comment in 3 lines individually
<leader>c$ comment from cursor to end of line
<leader>cA comment from cursor to end of line (and go to insert mode)

1.30.4. vim-table-mode

Follow the below steps to create the ‘rst-table’ in Vim,

  • Enable/Disable table mode using ‘:TableModeEnable/TableModeDisable’ or using ‘:TableModeToggle’,
  • Type column-names e.g. |Col1 | Col2| and press enter
  • Then press | twice to create the table. Do the same to add more lines in the table.
  • Also, go above the |Col1 | Col2| and press | twice (required for correct rst-table-format)

1.30.5. vim-extline

This is used to underline the text, which is required for making Headings in .rst document.

  • Type the symbols (in insert mode) e.g. = and then press ctrl-l ctrl-l to complete it.
  • Or press ctrl-l and then press the symbol,
  • Or press ctrl-l and then press a number e.g. 1, 2 etc. This is autocomplete the underline base on heading levels.
  • Some more commands are listed below,
Commands Descriptions
ctrl-l ctrl-l Auto-line update
ctrl-l ctrl-h Horizontal line update
ctrl-l ctrl-u Change to underlined title
ctrl-l ctrl-o Change to overlined title
ctrl-l ctrl-i Change to underlined and overlined title
ctrl-l = or = ctrl-l Force Section heading (with = as underline)
ctrl-l 2 Force Section heading (level 2)

1.30.6. ConqureShell

Use :ConqueTermSplit to start the terminal in the Vim.

1.30.7. Airline

Airline theme plugin for better view e.g. display name of file, line number, column number etc.